Maths Whitepapers

Explorations in arithmetic, number bases and division — from first principles

In 2021, I started thinking about mathematical assumptions from first principles. I came to some less than conventional conclusions and so wrote 3 papers to describe my findings.

Why I hesitated to publish these

  1. I was uncertain they had validity.
  2. If valid, I wanted to protect attribution.

I have recently had the opportunity to discuss these concepts with a senior mathematician and so I publish them here to make them available to the world and to protect attribution.

Number Systems

Mixed Bases

10 / 3 = 3.4 (in base 12)

Division producing repeating decimals in base 10 can yield clean, exact results when we choose a more appropriate base — like base 12.

Read the PDF →
Foundations of Division

Division by Zero

10 / 0 = 10

Dividing by zero (nothing) means nothing changes. Zero is a special case — distinct from the notion of infinity that classical division produces.

Read the PDF →
Notation & Hygiene

Clarifying Bases

Companion to Mixed Bases

An exercise in notational hygiene — tidying up the conventions that arise naturally when adopting mixed-base arithmetic.

Read the PDF →

Who these papers are for

  • Mathematicians interested in challenging foundational assumptions
  • Engineers and scientists who work with number-base conversions
  • Curious minds drawn to first-principles thinking in arithmetic

Want to discuss or challenge these ideas? Get in touch →